\u5b59\u5bcc\u9633\uff0c \u6c5f\u6e56\u4eba\u79f0\u6ca1\u4eba\u79f0\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fc7\u5b59\u5e03\u65af\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u64c5\u957fWeb\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u56fd\u5185\u67d0\u5927\u578b\u535a\u5ba2\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Bash Shell\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.\u5185\u5bb9\u6458\u8981<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6, \u800c\u5728\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u53c8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b58\u653e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6811\u72b6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7684\u5206\u652f, \u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u201d\u3002 \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3aCentos7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982: 1.\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a.\u548c..\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5e72\u5565\u7684?<\/em><\/strong> 2.\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c8\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5462?<\/em><\/strong> 3.\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u793a\u4f8b<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n cd\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b: \u521b\u5efa\/\u590d\u5236\/\u79fb\u52a8\/\u5220\u9664<\/em><\/strong> 1.\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4touch<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4mkdir<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u547d\u4ee4tree<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------cp\u590d\u5236----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------mv\u79fb\u52a8----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------rm\u5220\u9664----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9(cat tac less more head tail tailf grep ...)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\uff1a\u8054\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6(wget\u3001curl)\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d(rz\u3001sz)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------wget\u3001curl\u8054\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------rzsz\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e(locate\u3001which\u3001wherei)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4(sort\u3001uniq\u3001cut\u3001sed\u3001awk\u3001wc\u3001)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------sort\u6392\u5e8f----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528sort\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u4e86\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------uniq\u53bb\u91cd----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong> ----------------------------------------cut\u622a\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ----------------------------------------wc\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u53f7----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528ls -l\u5217\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eecWindows\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u5217\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u6216\u8005\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u533a\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ls -l\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7ls -l\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982: \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528file\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n PS: Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e (user data) \u4e0e\u5143\u6570\u636e (metadata)\u3002 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 (hard link) \u4e0e\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5373 soft link \u6216 symbolic link\uff09<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5 2.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u786c\u94fe\u63a5<\/em> 3.\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u8df5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u8df5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0e\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u533a\u522b<\/em> \u5b59\u5bcc\u9633\uff0c \u6c5f\u6e56\u4eba\u79f0\u6ca1\u4eba\u79f0\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fc7\u5b59\u5e03\u65af\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u64c5\u957fWeb\u96c6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":480,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions\/480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u8c08\u5230Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1f\n\u5176\u5b9e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\n\u4f8b\u5982: \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361ip\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53bb\u505a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff1f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5b9a\u4f4d\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578bfile\n\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6ln\nLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Windows: \u4ee5\u591a\u6839\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6 C:\\ D:\\
Linux:\u4ee5\u5355\u6839\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6 \/<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n1.\u5b58\u653e\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\n\/bin\uff0c \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 \n\/sbin\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982:windows\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u684c\u9762\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\n\/home\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55, \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\/home\/username\n\/root\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458root\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55, \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n\/usr\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC:\\Windows\n\/usr\/local\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eC:\\Program\n\/usr\/bin\/\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f(\u91cd\u8981)\n\/usr\/sbin\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f(\u91cd\u8981)\n\/usr\/lib\uff0c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6Glibc 32bit\n\/usr\/lib64\uff0c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6Glibc 64bit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.\u542f\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\n\/boot \u5b58\u653e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:kernel\uff0cgrub(\u5f15\u5bfc\u88c5\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n5.\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\n\/etc\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-script\/ifcfg-\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n\/etc\/hostname\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\uff0cdns\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n\/etc\/hosts\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n6.\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\n\/var\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\/var\/log\/\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\n\/var\/tmp\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\n\/tmp\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5395\u6240)\ncache: \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\nlib: \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u636e\uff1b\nlocal\uff1a\u4e13\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\/usr\/local\u4e0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\uff1b\nlock: \u9501\u6587\u4ef6\nlog: \u65e5\u5fd7\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\nopt: \u4e13\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\/opt\u4e0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\uff1b\nrun: \u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\nspool: \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6c60\uff1b\ntmp: \u4fdd\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e24\u6b21\u91cd\u542f\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n7.\u8bbe\u5907\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\n\/dev\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5149\u9a71\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\n\/dev\/null\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ea\u8fdb\u4e0d\u51fa\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\n\/dev\/random\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\n\/dev\/zero\uff0c\u80fd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53d6\u6b3e\u673a\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u53d6\u94b1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n8.\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(\u5982\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u505c\u6b62\u5219\/proc\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664)\n\/proc\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\nPS\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u677f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u6c7d\u8f66\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u7f3a\u6cb9\u4e86\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n9.PS: \u5728Linux7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d, \/bin, \/sbin, \/lib, \/lib64\u90fd\u4ee5\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\/usr\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\n\/bin --> \/usr\/bin\n\/sbin --> \/usr\/sbin\nlib -> usr\/lib\nlib64 -> usr\/lib64<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u54ea\u521b\u5efa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6587\u4ef6? \u4f60\u8981\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9? \u6216\u8005\u4f60\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9?
\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5b9a\u4f4d: \u6bd4\u5982\/etc\/hostname\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/em>
\u63d0\u95eeFQ: \/home\/oldboy\/file \u548c\/home\/oldgirl\/file\u662f\u5426\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55, \u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\/usr\/<\/code>\u4e0b, \u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42(\/)\u76ee\u5f55\u7528..\/<\/code>\u8868\u793a, \u800c\/usr\/<\/code>\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42(local)\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u7528.\/local<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84: \u53ea\u8981\u4ece\/\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\/home\/alice\/file
\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84: \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 a.txt .\/a.txt ..\/bob\/a.mp3 [\u52a0\u5165: \u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\/home\/alice]
\u5c0f\u7ed3: \u6240\u8c13\u7684(.)\u548c(..)\u76ee\u5f55\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n#\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\n[root@web01 \/]# useradd alice\n[root@web01 \/]# touch \/home\/alice\/file1\n[root@web01 \/]# touch ~\/file2\n[root@web01 \/]# touch ~alice\/file3\n\n#\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\n[root@web01 \/]# mkdir abc\n[root@web01 \/]# touch ..\/file3\n[root@web01 \/]# touch file4\n[root@web01 \/]# touch abc\/file5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# cd \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 cd \/etc\/hostname\n# cd \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 cd test\/abc cd . cd ..\n-------------------------------------\n# cd #\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b: cd \/etc\n# cd - #\u5207\u6362\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\n# cd ~ #\u5207\u6362\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55,\u6ce8\u610f:root\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u5417\uff1f\n# cd . #\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 cp \/etc\/hostname .\/\n# cd .. #\u5207\u6362\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
----------------------------------------\u521b\u5efa----------------------------------------<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n# touch file #\u65e0\u5219\u521b\u5efa,\u6709\u5219\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\n# touch file2 file3\n# touch \/home\/od\/file4 file5\n# touch file{a,b,c} #{}\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7 touch a b c\n# touch file{1..10}\n# touch file{a..z}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# \u9009\u9879\uff1a-v \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f -p \u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\n# mkdir dir1\n# mkdir \/home\/od\/dir1 \/home\/od\/dir2\n# mkdir -v \/home\/od\/{dir3,dir4} \n# mkdir -pv \/home\/od\/dir5\/dir6\n# mkdir -pv \/home\/{od\/{diu,but},boy}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# \u9009\u9879: -L: \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\n# tree \/home\/od\/ #\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\n\/home\/od\/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 but\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dir1\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dir2\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dir3\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dir4\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dir5\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 dir6\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 diu\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#\u9009\u9879\uff1a -v:\u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c -r: \u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55 -p: \u4fdd\u7559\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n\n# cp file \/tmp\/file_copy\n# cp name \/tmp\/name #\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u79f0\n# cp file \/tmp\/ #\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u540d\u79f0\n# cp -p file \/tmp\/file_p #-p\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n# cp -r \/etc\/ \/tmp\/ #\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528-r\u53c2\u6570, \u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\n# cp -rv \/etc\/hosts \/etc\/hostname \/tmp #\u62f7\u8d1d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\n# cp -rv \/etc\/{hosts,hosts.bak}\n# cp -rv \/etc\/hosts{,-org}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# mv file file1 #\u539f\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u7b97\u6539\u540d\n# mv file1 \/tmp\/ #\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3tmp\u76ee\u5f55\n# mv \/tmp\/file1 .\/ #\u79fb\u52a8tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\n# mv dir\/ \/tmp\/ #\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\n\n# touch file{1..3}\n# mv file1 file2 file3 \/opt\/ #\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\n\n# mkdir dir{1..3}\n# mv dir1\/ dir2\/ dir3\/ \/opt #\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#\u9009\u9879\uff1a-r: \u9012\u5f52 -f: \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664 -v: \u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b\n# rm file.txt #\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6, \u9ed8\u8ba4rm\u5b58\u5728alias\u522b\u540d\uff0crm -i\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192\u662f\u5426\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\n# rm -f file.txt #\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6, \u4e0d\u63d0\u9192\n--------------------------------\n# rm -r dir\/ #\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\n# rm -rf dir\/ #\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55,\u4e0d\u63d0\u9192(\u614e\u7528)\n--------------------------------\n#1.rm\u5220\u9664\u793a\u4f8b\n# mkdir \/home\/dir10\n# touch \/home\/dir10\/{file2,file3,.file4}\n# rm -f \/home\/dir10\/* \/\/\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6 \n# ls \/home\/dir10\/ -a\n. .. .file4\n--------------------------------\n#2.rm\u5220\u9664\u793a\u4f8b2\n# touch file{1..10}\n# touch {1..10}.pdf\n# rm -rf file* \n# rm -rf *.pdf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#------cat\n# cp \/etc\/passwd .\/pass\n# cat pass #\u6b63\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\n# cat -n pass #-n\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\n# cat -A pass #\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7,\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728tab\u952e\n# tac pass #\u5012\u5e8f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\n\n#------less\u3001more\n# less \/etc\/services #\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u6807\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u52a8\uff0c\u7a7a\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cq\u9000\u51fa\n# more \/etc\/services #\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u52a8\uff0c\u7a7a\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cq\u9000\u51fa\n\n#------head\n# head pass #\u67e5\u770b\u5934\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u524d\u5341\u884c\n# head -n5 pass #\u67e5\u770b\u5934\u90e85\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-n\u6307\u5b9a\n\n#------tail\n# tail pass\n# tail -20 \/var\/log\/secure\n# tail -f \/var\/log\/messages #-f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\n# tailf \/var\/log\/messages #\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\n\n#------grep\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n# grep \"^root\" pass #\u5339\u914d\u4ee5root\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\n# grep \"bash$\" pass #\u5339\u914d\u4ee5bash\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c\n# grep -i \"ftp\" pass #\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5339\u914d\n# grep -Ei \"sync$|ftp\" pass #\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542bsync\u7ed3\u5c3e\u6216ftp\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n# grep -n -A 2 \"Failed\" \/var\/log\/secure #\u5339\u914d\/var\/log\/secure\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dFailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0b2\u884c\n# grep -n -B 2 \"Failed\" \/var\/log\/secure #\u5339\u914d\/var\/log\/secure\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dFailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a2\u884c\n# grep -n -C 2 \"Failed\" \/var\/log\/secure #\u5339\u914d\/var\/log\/secure\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2dFailed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b2\u884c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#\u9009\u9879: -O: \u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\n# wget -O \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n\n#\u9009\u9879: -o: \u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\n# curl -o \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/CentOS-Base.repo http:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com\/repo\/Centos-7.repo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# yum install lrzsz -y #\u4e0d\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\n\n# rz #\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\n# sz \/path\/file #\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# locate \/etc\/sh #\u641c\u7d22etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4ee5sh\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n# locate -i \/etc\/sh #\u641c\u7d22etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5sh\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# which ls #\u67e5\u627els\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\n\n# whereis ls \/\/\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u624b\u518c\u3001\u7b49\n# whereis -b ls \/\/\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84\n\n# type -a ls #\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84(\u5305\u62ec\u522b\u540d)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsort [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n# -r\uff1a\u5012\u5e8f -n\uff1a\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5e8f -t\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\u683c) -k\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217, \u6307\u5b9a\u51e0\u5217\u51e0\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u6307\u5b9a1,1 3.1,3.3\uff09\n\n#1.\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u5199\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n[root@web01 ~]# cat >> file.txt <<EOF\nb:3\nc:2\na:4\ne:5\nd:1\nf:11\nEOF\n\n#2.\u4f7f\u7528sort\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n[root@web01 ~]# sort file.txt\na:4\nb:3\nc:2\nd:1\ne:5\nf:11\n\n#\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\n#\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-t\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26, \u4f7f\u7528-k\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5217\u3002\n[root@web01 ~]# sort -t \":\" -k2 sort.txt\nd:1\nf:11 #\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f11\uff1f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff1f\nc:2\nb:3\na:4\ne:5\n\n#\u6309\u7167\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f, \u53ea\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26,11\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f1, \u6309\u7167\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd42\u5c0f\u3002 \n#\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f, \u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 -n\u53c2\u6570\u3002\n[root@web01 ~]# sort -t \":\" -n -k2 p.txt\nd:1\nc:2\nb:3\na:4\ne:5\nf:11<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u603b\u6b21\u6570, \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528uniq<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898(\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5408sort<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528)\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nuniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]\n#\u9009\u9879\uff1a-c \u8ba1\u7b97\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\n\n#1.\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2afile.txt\u6587\u4ef6:\n[root@web01 ~]# cat file.txt\nabc\n123\nabc\n123\n#2.uniq\u9700\u8981\u548csort\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528, \u5148\u4f7f\u7528sort\u6392\u5e8f, \u8ba9\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u8fde\u7eed\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\n[root@web01 ~]# cat file.txt |sort\n123\n123\nabc\nabc\n#3.\u4f7f\u7528uniq\u53bb\u9664\u76f8\u90bb\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\n[root@web01 ~]# cat file.txt |sort|uniq\n123\nabc\n#4.-c\u53c2\u6570\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n[root@web01 ~]# cat file.txt |sort|uniq -c\n 2 123\n 2 abc\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\ncut OPTION... [FILE]...\n#\u9009\u9879\uff1a-d \u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26 -f \u6570\u5b57,\u53d6\u7b2c\u51e0\u5217 \u2013f3,6\u4e09\u5217\u548c6\u5217 -c \u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u53d6(\u7a7a\u683c\u4e5f\u7b97)\n#echo \"Im sfy, is QQ 555555555\" >file.txt #\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc xlw\u4ee5\u53ca555555555\n\n#\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9898\u76ee\u51e0\u79cd\u601d\u8def\n# cut -d \" \" -f2,5 file.txt\n# cut -d \" \" -f2,5 file.txt |sed 's#,##g'\n# sed 's#,# #g' file.txt | awk -F \" \" '{print $2 \" \" $5}'\n# awk '{print $2,$5}' file.txt |awk -F ',' '{print $1,$2}'\n# awk -F \"[, ]\" '{print $2,$6}' file.txt\n# awk -F '[, ]+' '{print $2,$5}' file.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nwc [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n#\u9009\u9879\uff1a-l\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u6570 -c\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b57\u8282 -w\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5355\u8bcd\n\n# wc -l \/etc\/fstab #\u7edf\u8ba1\/etc\/fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\n# wc -l \/etc\/services #\u7edf\u8ba1\/etc\/services \u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u53f7\n\n\n#\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u6cd5\n# grep -n \".*\" \/etc\/services | tail -1\n# awk '{print NR $0}' \/etc\/services | tail -1\n# cat -n \/etc\/services | tail -1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n5.\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# ls -l ks.cfg\n-rw-------. 1 root root 4434 May 30 13:58 ks.cfg\n\n#\n-rw-------. \u2460:\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5219\u662f\u6743\u9650\n1 \u2461:\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6b21\u6570\nroot \u2462:\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\nroot \u2463:\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec4\n4434 \u2464:\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\nMay30 13:58 \u2465\u2466\u2467:\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u65e5\u671f\nks.cfg \u2468:\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n5.\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# ll -d \/etc\/hosts \/tmp \/bin\/ls \/dev\/sda \/dev\/tty1 \/etc\/grub2.cfg \/dev\/log \/run\/dmeventd-client\n-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 117656 Jun 30 2016 \/bin\/ls\nsrw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 0 Jan 20 10:35 \/dev\/log\nbrw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 20 10:36 \/dev\/sda\ncrw--w----. 1 root tty 4, 1 Jan 20 10:36 \/dev\/tty1\nlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jan 13 11:31 \/etc\/grub2.cfg -> ..\/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg\n-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 199 Jan 20 11:03 \/etc\/hosts\nprw-------. 1 root root 0 Jan 20 10:36 \/run\/dmeventd-client\ndrwxrwxrwt. 61 root root 8192 Jan 21 13:01 \/tmp\n\n#\u8bf4\u660e\n- #\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6(\u6587\u672c, \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236, \u538b\u7f29, \u56fe\u7247, \u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49) \nd #\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\nb #\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6(\u5757\u8bbe\u5907)\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u786c\u76d8 \/dev\/sda1, \/dev\/sda2\nc #\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6(\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907)\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef \/dev\/tty1, \/dev\/zero\ns #\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6, \u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1(socket)\np #\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\nl #\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/hosts: ASCII text\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/bin\/ls\n\/bin\/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU\/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=aa7ff68f13de25936a098016243ce57c3c982e06, stripped\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/dev\/sda\n\/dev\/sda: block special\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/dev\/tty1\n\/dev\/tty1: character special\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/etc\/grub2.cfg\n\/etc\/grub2.cfg: broken symbolic link to `..\/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg'\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/home\n\/home: directory\n\n[root@web01 ~]# file \/run\/dmeventd-client\n\/run\/dmeventd-client: fifo (named pipe)\n\n[root@web01 ~]# ll but\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42125 Apr 1 12:26 but\n[root@web01 ~]# file but\nbut: Zip archive data, at least v1.0 to extract\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n6.\u7cfb\u7edf\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5757 (data block)\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3aBlock
\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3aInode
\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0cinode\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f46\u5176\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0cinode\u53f7\u5373\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u53f7\uff09
\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7 inode \u53f7\u5bfb\u627e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002\u56fe1.\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eWindows\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5c06inode\u6307\u5411\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684block\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u4e2ainode\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2ainode\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2ainode\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fehard link \u5c31\u662f file \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684 inode\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n#\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\ntouch \/root\/file\nln -s \/root\/file \/tmp\/file_bak\nll \/tmp\/file_bak \/\/root\u4e0bfile\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\/tmp\u4e0b\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3afile_bak\n \n\n#\u76ee\u5f55\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\nmkdir \/soft\/nginx1.1 -p\nln -s \/soft\/nginx1.1\/ \/soft\/nginx\nll \/soft\/nginx \/\/\u67e5\u770b\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\n\n#\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\n1.\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\n2.\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u5e03 \n3.\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u52a8\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#\u6587\u4ef6\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\nln \/root\/file \/tmp\/file_hard\nll \/tmp\/file_hard\n\n#PS\uff1a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528rm\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1)ln\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0cln -s\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u3002
2)\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u5206\u533a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
3)\u76ee\u5f55\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u7279\u522b\u5e38\u7528,\u5e76\u4e14\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u8d8a\u5206\u533a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
4)\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684inode\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6inode\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
5)\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
6)\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
7)\u5220\u9664\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u6548\u3002
8)\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n7.Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n- (f)\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\nd: \u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\n\nb: \u5757\u8bbe\u5907\uff1b\n\nc: \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\uff1b\n\nl: \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\n\np: \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\n\ns: \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\uff1bsock<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"