{"id":122,"date":"2021-05-17T16:28:46","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T08:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/?p=122"},"modified":"2022-01-20T19:21:23","modified_gmt":"2022-01-20T11:21:23","slug":"5-linux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/?p=122","title":{"rendered":"5.Linux\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5b59\u5bcc\u9633\uff0c \u6c5f\u6e56\u4eba\u79f0\u6ca1\u4eba\u79f0\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fc7\u5b59\u5e03\u65af\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u64c5\u957fWeb\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u56fd\u5185\u67d0\u5927\u578b\u535a\u5ba2\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237?<\/em><\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55Linux\u6216Windows\u7cfb\u7edf(\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4f60\u79df\u4e86\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u5165\u9a7b)
F:\u90a3Linux\u4e0eWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b? Q:\u672c\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7Linux\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u767b\u9646\u3002
F:\u96be\u9053Windows\u5c31\u4e0d\u7b97\u591a\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5417? Q:\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u540e\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>
1.\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f)\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c
2.\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aroot\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/em><\/strong>
1.\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[root@web01 ~]# id    #\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u767b\u9646\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n[root@web01 ~]# id oldboy #\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\nuid=1000(oldboy) gid=1000(oldboy) groups=1000(oldboy)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# ps aux|less #\u7b80\u5355\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7406\u89e3\nroot      33782  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        R    02:46   0:00 [kworker\/u256:0]\nroot      35637  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        R    05:11   0:03 [kworker\/0:2]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u5462?<\/em><\/strong>
Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/passwd\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\/etc\/passwd \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u6216\u8005man 5 passwd<\/em>
2.\/etc\/shadow \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u6216\u8005man 5 shadow<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1f(\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5a36\u4f60\uff0c\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u5a36\u5417\uff1f)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7528\u6237UID<\/th>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
0<\/td>\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u80fd\u529b<\/td><\/tr>
1~200<\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u521b\u5efa<\/td><\/tr>
201~999<\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>
1000+<\/td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u9650<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
PS:\u5728CentOS7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d, UID1-499\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237, \u800cUID 500+\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u6765\u8bb2\u8bb2\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4: useradd\u3001usermod\u3001userdel<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u65b0\u589e\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f: adduser\u547d\u4ee4\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411useradd\u547d\u4ee4<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u9009\u9879\n# -u \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684UID,\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51b2\u7a81\n# -g \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\n# -G \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4,\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\n# -d \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n# -s \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684bash shell\n# -c \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\n# -M \u7ed9\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n# -r \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n\n\n#1.\u521b\u5efabgx\u7528\u6237\uff0cUID5001,\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4students\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4sa \u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f:2019 new student,\u767b\u9646shell:\/bin\/bash\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd sa\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd students\n[root@web01 ~]# useradd -u 5001 -g students -G sa -c \"2019 new student\" -s \/bin\/bash bgx\n\n#2.\u521b\u5efamysql\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c-M\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 -s\u6307\u5b9anologin\u4f7f\u5176\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\n[root@web01 ~]# useradd mysql -M -s \/sbin\/nologin\n[root@web01 ~]# useradd -r dba -s \/sbin\/nologin\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528usermod\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u9009\u9879\n# -u \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\n# -g \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\n# -G \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4, \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\n# -d \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n# -s \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684bash shell\n# -c \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\n# -l \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u540d\n# -L \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\n# -U \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u7528\u6237\n\n#1.\u68c0\u67e5\u6b64\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@web01 ~]# grep \"bgx\" \/etc\/passwd\nbgx:x:5001:503:2019 new student:\/home\/bgx:\/bin\/bash\n\n#2.\u4fee\u6539bgx\u7528\u6237uid\u3001gid\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd -g 5008 network_sa\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd -g 5009 devops\n[root@web01 ~]# usermod -u 6001 -g5008 -a -G 5009 bgx\n\n#3.\u4fee\u6539bgx\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f, \u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55, \u767b\u5f55shell, \u767b\u5f55\u540d\n[root@web01 ~]# usermod -c \"2019 new student\" -md \/bgx -s \/bin\/sh -l change_bgx bgx\n\n#\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u529f\n[root@web01 ~]# grep \"sfy\" \/etc\/passwd\nsfy:x:6001:5008:2019 new student:\/bgx:\/bin\/sh\n[root@web01 ~]# id change_bgx\nuid=6001(change_bgx) gid=5008(network_sa) groups=5008(network_sa),503(sa),5009(devops)\n[root@web01 ~]# ll -d \/bgx\ndrwx------. 2 sfy network_sa 4096 2014-09-23 00:13 \/bgx\n\n#4.\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237[\u6269\u5c55]\n[root@web01 ~]# echo \"123\" |passwd --stdin change_bgx\n[root@web01 ~]# usermod -L change_bgx  #\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\n\n#5.\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237[\u6269\u5c55]\n[root@web01 ~]# usermod -U change_bgx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
PS: \u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u5355\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5373\u53ef
1) \u4f7f\u7528finger\u547d\u540d\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b: finger UserName
2) \u4f7f\u7528chfn\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b: chfn UserName
3) \u4f7f\u7528chsh\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55Bash Shell\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b: chsh UserName
4) \u4f7f\u7528who\u3001whoami\u3001w\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u60c5\u51b5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u4f7f\u7528userdel\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u8d26\u6237<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u9009\u9879 -r \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n\n#1.\u5220\u9664user1\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c mail spool\n[root@web01 ~]# userdel user1\n\n#2.-r\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u540c\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u9664(\u614e\u7528)\n[root@web01 ~]# userdel -r user1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u7528\u6237\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1.\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>
1.useradd\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4ee5\/etc\/login.defs\u3001\/etc\/defaults\/useradd\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\/etc\/login.defs\u3001\/etc\/defaults\/useradd\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# grep -Ev \"^#|^$\" \/etc\/login.defs\nMAIL_DIR    \/var\/spool\/mail\nPASS_MAX_DAYS   99999                #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5927\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u671f\nPASS_MIN_DAYS   0                    #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c11\u66f4\u6539\u65e5\u671f\nPASS_MIN_LEN    5                    #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a8\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\nPASS_WARN_AGE   7                    #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u63d0\u524d\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570\nUID_MIN                  1000\nUID_MAX                 60000\nSYS_UID_MIN               201\nSYS_UID_MAX               999\nGID_MIN                  1000\nGID_MAX                 60000\nSYS_GID_MIN               201\nSYS_GID_MAX               999\nCREATE_HOME yes\nUMASK           077\nUSERGROUPS_ENAB yes                   #\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e14\u521b\u5efa\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\nENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512\n\n[root@web01 ~]# cat \/etc\/default\/useradd\nGROUP=100\nHOME=\/home      #\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u5728\/home\u4e2d\u3002\nINACTIVE=-1     #\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u505c\u6743,-1\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u3002\nEXPIRE=         #\u8d26\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u65e5\u671f,\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u3002\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash #\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u7684shell\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\nSKEL=\/etc\/skel  #\u914d\u7f6e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u8def\u5f84\u3002\nCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes   #\u521b\u5efamail\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728 .bash_* \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\/etc\/skel\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7531\/etc\/defaults\/useradd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u6545\u969c\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6267\u884c\u4e86rm -rf .*\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0-bash-4.1$\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\uff01\n-bash-4.1$ cp -a \/etc\/skel\/.bash* .\/\n-bash-4.1$ exit\n[root@bgx ~]#   #\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5373\u53ef\u6062\u590d\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u66f4\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/em><\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e10\u3001\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5f8b(\u4e0d\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u751f\u65e5\u7b49)
PS: \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879
1.\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u66f4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b8\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26
2.\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u591a\u957f\u6216\u591a\u77ed\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\n# passwd        #\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\n# passwd root   #\u7ed9root\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\n# passwd oldboy #\u7ed9oldboy\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\n\n\n#2.\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u9879\u6307\u6807\n# passwd                #root\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u4fee\u6539root\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\n# passwd xuliangwei     #root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\n$ passwd root           #\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539root\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bc6\u7801\n# echo \"123\" | passwd --stdin xuliangwei    #\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\n\n\n#3.\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n[root@web01 ~]# echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 1-10\nd09fe9b1xs\n[root@web01 ~]# echo $(echo $RANDOM|md5sum |cut -c 5-14) |tee pass.txt| passwd --stdin xuliangwei\n\n#4.mkpasswd\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32, -l\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6,-d\u6570\u5b50,-c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd,-C\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd,-s\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\n[root@web01 ~]# yum install -y expect   \/\/\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u6269\u5c55\u5305\n[root@web01 ~]# mkpasswd -l 10 -d 2 -c 2 -C 2 -s 4\n|K&13bR)i\/\n# -l \u957f\u5ea6\n# -d \u6570\u5b57\n# -c \u5c0f\u5199\n# -C \u5927\u5199\n# -s \u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>
\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f52\u7eb3\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ec4\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7-g\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ec4(\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d)
\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6388\u6743\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u90a3\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u5462\uff1f<\/em><\/strong>
\u7ec4\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/group\u548c\/etc\/gshadow\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u4f7f\u7528groupadd\u547d\u4ee4\u65b0\u589e\u7ec4\uff0cgroupadd [-g GID] groupname<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4, \u4e0d\u6307\u5b9agid\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd no_gid\n[root@web01 ~]# tail -n1 \/etc\/group\nno_gid:x:1000:\n\n#\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4, \u6307\u5b9agid\u4e3a5555\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd -g 5555 yes_gid\n[root@web01 ~]# tail -n1 \/etc\/group\nyes_gid:x:5555:\n\n#\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff0cgid\u4ece201-999\n[root@web01 ~]# groupadd -r sys_group\n[root@web01 ~]# tail -n1 \/etc\/group\nsys_group:x:990:\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u4f7f\u7528groupmod\u547d\u4ee4\u65b0\u589e\u7ec4<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#-g \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4gid\n[root@web01 ~]# groupmod -g 1111 no_gid\n[root@web01 ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\nno_gid:x:1111:\n\n#-n \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\n[root@web01 ~]# groupmod -n active_group yes_gid\n[root@web01 ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\nactive_group:x:5555:\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.groupdel\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7ec4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5219\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\n[root@web01 ~]# groupdel active_group\n\n#\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\n[root@web01 ~]# id sfy\nuid=1069(sfy) gid=5005(sfy) groups=5005(sfy),5004(devops)\n[root@web01 ~]# groupdel devops\n[root@web01 ~]# id sfy\nuid=1069(sfy) gid=5005(sfy) groups=5005(sfy)\n\n#\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\n[root@web01 ~]# groupdel network_sa\ngroupdel: cannot remove the primary group of user 'sfy'\n#\u53ea\u6709\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u540e,\u65b9\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7ec4\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u4f7f\u7528gpasswd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801[\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# groupadd devops\n[root@web01 ~]# gpasswd devops\nChanging the password for group devops\nNew Password:\nRe-enter new password:\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5.\u4f7f\u7528newgrp\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd[\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u68c0\u67e5\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\n[root@web01 ~]# useradd sfy\n[root@web01 ~]# id sfy\nuid=1069(sfy) gid=5005(sfy) groups=5005(sfy)\n\n#2.\u5207\u6362\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\n[root@web01 ~]# su - sfy\n\n#3.\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6,\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ touch file_roots\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ ll\n-rw-rw-r-- 1 sfy sfy 0 Jun 13 10:06 file_roots\n\n#4.\u4f7f\u7528newgrp\u5207\u6362\u5230devops\u7ec4\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ newgrp devops\nPassword:\n\n#5.\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ touch file_test\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ ll\n-rw-rw-r-- 1 sfy sfy 0 Jun 13 10:06 file_roots\n-rw-r--r-- 1 sfy devops     0 Jun 13 10:08 file_test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u7528\u6237\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u6743<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5f80\u5f80\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff1f
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\/sbin\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f
PS: \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f: su\u3001sudo
1.su\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u3002\u4f18\u70b9:\u7b80\u5355 \u7f3a\u70b9:\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053root\u5bc6\u7801
2.sudo\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528root\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5207\u6362\u81f3root\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f18\u70b9:\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf \u7f3a\u70b9:\u590d\u6742<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.su\u8eab\u4efd\u5207\u6362<\/em><\/strong>
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982shell\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.Linux Shell\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b
\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4(\u7ec8\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c,\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u793a)
\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\uff0c\u6267\u884cshell\u811a\u672c, \u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u540eshell\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa
\u767b\u9646shell\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165Shell\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd
\u975e\u767b\u9646shell\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165Shell,\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd0\u884cbash\u4f1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7a97\u53e3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.bash shell\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecb\u7ecd(\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883)
\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a~\/.bash_profile ~\/.bashrc \u3002\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\/etc\/profile \/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh \/etc\/bashrc
profile\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6, \u8bbe\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf, \u767b\u9646\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002bashrc \u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6, \u8bbe\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf, \u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d
PS: \u5982\u679c\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u767b\u9646\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u662f?<\/em>
\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fshell\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f: \/etc\/profile->\/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh->~\/.bash_profile->~\/.bashrc->\/etc\/bashrc
\u975e\u767b\u9646\u5f0fshell\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f: ~\/.bashrc->\/etc\/bashrc->\/etc\/profile.d\/*.sh
PS: \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f7f\u7528echo\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u5373\u53ef<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u548csu\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb?
su - username\u5c5e\u4e8e\u767b\u9646\u5f0fshell\uff0csu username\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u767b\u9646\u5f0fshell\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237su -<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5207\u6362\u81f3root\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002
\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458root\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528su - username<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362root\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ su\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a         #\u8f93\u5165root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\n[root@web01 sfy]# pwd\n\/home\/sfy\n\n#2.\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528su -\u5207\u6362\u5230root\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7droot\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ su -\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\n[root@web01 ~]# pwd\n\/root\n\n#3.\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4su -c username\n[root@web01 ~]# su - sfy -c 'ifconfig'\n[root@web01 ~]# su - sfy -c 'ls ~'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.sudo\u63d0\u6743<\/em><\/strong>
su\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u62ff\u5230root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e86root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86sudo\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5176\u5b9esudo\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u6d69\u514b(hulk)\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u6012\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u57cb\u4e0bhulk\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u5462\uff1f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u5feb\u901f\u914d\u7f6esudo\u65b9\u5f0f[\u5148\u7779\u4e3a\u5feb]\n[root@web01 ~]# usermod sfy -G wheel\n[root@web01 ~]$ sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/secure    #sudo\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\n\n#2.\u4e00\u822c\u6b63\u5e38\u914d\u7f6esudo\u65b9\u5f0f\n[root@www ~]# #visudo => vim \/etc\/sudoers\n#1.\u7528\u6237\u540d  2.\u4e3b\u673a\u540d=(\u89d2\u8272\u540d\uff09       4.\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\nsfy       ALL=(ALL)         \/usr\/bin\/yum,\/usr\/sbin\/useradd   #\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\nall   ALL=(ALL)          NOPASSWD:\/bin\/cp, \/bin\/rm   #NOPASSWD\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86hulk\u79cd\u5b50\u540e\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u5462\uff1f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u5207\u6362\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\n[root@bgx ~]# su - sfy\n\n#2.\u68c0\u67e5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u63d0\u6743\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ sudo -l\nUser sfy may run the following commands on this host:\n    (ALL) ALL\n\n#3.\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664opt\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ rm -rf \/opt\/\nrm: cannot remove `\/opt: Permission denied\n\n#4.\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u63d0\u6743\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\n[sfy@web01 ~]$ sudo rm -rf \/opt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u6743\u9650\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u4ec5\u5f00\u542f\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\uff1f\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\uff1f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f:\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u522b\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c,\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u53ea\u6709sudo\u8ba4\u53ef<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@web01 ~]# visudo  #\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528vi \/etc\/sudoers\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\n# 1.\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u7ec4,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edfgroup\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\nUser_Alias OPS = all,alex\nUser_Alias DEV = bgx,py\n\n# 2.\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec4,\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u8c03\u7528\nCmnd_Alias NETWORKING = \/sbin\/ifconfig, \/bin\/ping\nCmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = \/bin\/rpm, \/usr\/bin\/yum\nCmnd_Alias SERVICES = \/sbin\/service, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start\nCmnd_Alias STORAGE = \/bin\/mount, \/bin\/umount\nCmnd_Alias DELEGATING = \/bin\/chown, \/bin\/chmod, \/bin\/chgrp\nCmnd_Alias PROCESSES = \/bin\/nice, \/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/killall\n\n# 3.\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\nOPS  ALL=(ALL) NETWORKING,SOFTWARE,SERVICES,STORAGE,DELEGATING,PROCESSES\nDEV  ALL=(ALL) SOFTWARE,PROCESSES\n\n#4.\u767b\u9646\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528 sudo -l \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f:\u4f7f\u7528groupadd\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4,\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u7ec4\u5206\u914dsudo\u7684\u6743\u9650,\u5982\u679c\u6709\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165,\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8be5\u7ec4.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
#1.\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4,  group_dev group_op\n[root@www ~]# groupadd group_dev\n[root@www ~]# groupadd group_op\n\n#2.\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237,      group_dev(user_a  user_b)   group_op(user_c  user_d)\n[root@www ~]# useradd user_a -G group_dev\n[root@www ~]# useradd user_b -G group_dev\n[root@www ~]# useradd user_c -G group_op\n[root@www ~]# useradd user_d -G group_op\n\n#3.\u8bb0\u5f97\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bc6\u7801\n[root@www ~]# echo \"1\" | passwd --stdin user_a\n[root@www ~]# echo \"1\" | passwd --stdin user_b\n[root@www ~]# echo \"1\" | passwd --stdin user_c\n[root@www ~]# echo \"1\" | passwd --stdin user_d\n\n#4.\u5728sudo\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\n[root@www ~]# visudo\n    Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = \/sbin\/ifconfig, \/bin\/ping\n    Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = \/bin\/rpm, \/usr\/bin\/yum\n    Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = \/sbin\/service, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl start\n    Cmnd_Alias STORAGE = \/bin\/mount, \/bin\/umount\n    Cmnd_Alias DELEGATING = \/bin\/chown, \/bin\/chmod, \/bin\/chgrp\n    Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = \/bin\/nice, \/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/killall\n\n    %group_dev ALL=(ALL) SOFTWARE\n    %group_op ALL=(ALL) SOFTWARE,PROCESSES\n\n#5.\u68c0\u67e5sudo\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u9519\n[root@www ~]# visudo -c\n\/etc\/sudoers: parsed OK\n\n\n#6.\u68c0\u67e5user_a,\u548cuser_d\u7684sudo\u6743\u9650\n[user_a@www ~]$ sudo -l\nUser user_a may run the following commands on www:\n    (ALL) \/bin\/rpm, \/usr\/bin\/yum\n\n[user_d@www ~]$ sudo -l\nUser user_d may run the following commands on www:\n    (ALL) \/bin\/rpm, \/usr\/bin\/yum, \/bin\/nice, \/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/kill, \/usr\/bin\/killall\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b:<\/em>
1) \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884csudo\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6, \u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\/var\/db\/sudo\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7f13\u5b58
2) \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801, \u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801
3) \u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u6743\u9650
4) \u5982\u679c\u6709\u5219\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u62a5\u9519\u9000\u51fa<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\n\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\n1.\u4f7f\u7528sudo -i\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\n> sudo -i\n> cd \/etc\/docker\n2.\u4f7f\u7528sudo -s\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5f00\u7279\u6b8ashell\n> sudo -s\n> cd \/etc\/docker\n\u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528exit\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Ctrl+D\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5b59\u5bcc\u9633\uff0c \u6c5f\u6e56\u4eba\u79f0\u6ca1\u4eba\u79f0\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u66fe\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fc7\u5b59\u5e03\u65af\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u67b6\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u64c5\u957fWeb\u96c6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":487,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions\/487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buyao007.icu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}